Safety Standard of Machinery, Equipment and Tools
2022-05-11
手機睡眠
語音選擇
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1
In accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act) Article 6 Paragraph 3, Article 7 Paragraph 2 and Article 8 Paragraph 5, the standard is enacted.
Article 2
This standard is applicable to machinery, equipment or tools stated below:
1. Those specified in Article 12 of the Enforcement Rules of the Act.
2. Those announced by the central competent authority in according with Paragraph 1, Article 8 of the Act.
The structures, performances and safe guards of the abovementioned machinery, equipment or tools shall not below the requirements of this standard.
1. Those specified in Article 12 of the Enforcement Rules of the Act.
2. Those announced by the central competent authority in according with Paragraph 1, Article 8 of the Act.
The structures, performances and safe guards of the abovementioned machinery, equipment or tools shall not below the requirements of this standard.
Article 3
Terms of the standard are defined as follows:
1. A protective stop mechanism: referred to automatically stop a slider, a cutter or a ram (hereinafter referred to as the slider) when a press machine or a shear machine detecting dangerous or abnormal condition.
2. An emergency stop device: referred to stop the slider moving by manual operation when the press or the shear machine detecting dangerous or abnormal condition.
3. A self-adjusting contact-preventive device: referred to the safeguard of a hand-fed planer that can automatically open or close with the feeding of processing material to prevent a blade from touching.
1. A protective stop mechanism: referred to automatically stop a slider, a cutter or a ram (hereinafter referred to as the slider) when a press machine or a shear machine detecting dangerous or abnormal condition.
2. An emergency stop device: referred to stop the slider moving by manual operation when the press or the shear machine detecting dangerous or abnormal condition.
3. A self-adjusting contact-preventive device: referred to the safeguard of a hand-fed planer that can automatically open or close with the feeding of processing material to prevent a blade from touching.
Chapter 2 Power presses or shear machines
Section 1 Safetyguards
Article 4
Except that has mechanism to prevent hazard from the slider, a power press machine or a power shear machine( hereinafter referred to as the press or shear machine) shall have a safeguard, a safety die, be a particular-purpose press or shear machine, be an automatic press or shear machine (hereinafter referred to as the safeguard).
Because the nature of jobs to lead difficulties for making the safeguard, it should be at least provided with one or more safety devices set by Article 6.
Motors, gears, rotating-shafts, driving- wheels, driving-belts and other components of the press or shear machine referred to the first paragraph and those having a risk of causing hazards, shall have guard-shields, guard-fences, guard-grilles or other appropriate means to prevent a body part touching danger points.
Because the nature of jobs to lead difficulties for making the safeguard, it should be at least provided with one or more safety devices set by Article 6.
Motors, gears, rotating-shafts, driving- wheels, driving-belts and other components of the press or shear machine referred to the first paragraph and those having a risk of causing hazards, shall have guard-shields, guard-fences, guard-grilles or other appropriate means to prevent a body part touching danger points.
Article 5
The safeguard referred to the preceding Article, shall be capable of preventing a body part intervening the hazard zone of the slider moving and meet the following provisions:
1. Safeguard: being capable of preventing fingers touching through it or from outside.
2. Safety die: a gap between as following two members being less than 8 millimeters.
(1) the upper-half die and the lower-half die when the slider at the top dead center.
(2) for having a stripper, this referred to that between the upper- half die and the stripper, and that between the stripper and the lower-half die when the slider at the top dead center.
(3) the guide post and bushing.
3. A particular-purpose press or shear machine : having a construction to prevent a body part intervening a hazard zone.
4. An automatic press or shear machine: having a construction automatically to feed material, process and discharge finished workpiece.
1. Safeguard: being capable of preventing fingers touching through it or from outside.
2. Safety die: a gap between as following two members being less than 8 millimeters.
(1) the upper-half die and the lower-half die when the slider at the top dead center.
(2) for having a stripper, this referred to that between the upper- half die and the stripper, and that between the stripper and the lower-half die when the slider at the top dead center.
(3) the guide post and bushing.
3. A particular-purpose press or shear machine : having a construction to prevent a body part intervening a hazard zone.
4. An automatic press or shear machine: having a construction automatically to feed material, process and discharge finished workpiece.
Section 2 Safety devices
Article 6
The safety device of the press or shear machine shall have one of the following functions:
1. Interlocked guard safety device: it can prevent a body part intervening to the hazard zone while the slider in closingaction.
2. Two-hand control safety device:
(1) Safe-single-stroke safety device: It can make the slider stopped before two hands releasing from start buttons, control levers or other control devices (hereinafter referred to as the operating portion) reach the hazard zone.
(2) Two-hand start safety device: It can prevent two hands releasing from the operating portion to reach the hazard zone while the slider in closing- action.
3. Sensing safety device: it can make the slider stopped if a body part is closing to the hazard zone while the slider in closing- action.
4. Pull-back or push-out safety device: it can follow the slider moving to withdraw or push a body part out from the hazard zone.
The safety devices referred in the preceding subparagraphs shall be not easy impairment or alteration.
1. Interlocked guard safety device: it can prevent a body part intervening to the hazard zone while the slider in closingaction.
2. Two-hand control safety device:
(1) Safe-single-stroke safety device: It can make the slider stopped before two hands releasing from start buttons, control levers or other control devices (hereinafter referred to as the operating portion) reach the hazard zone.
(2) Two-hand start safety device: It can prevent two hands releasing from the operating portion to reach the hazard zone while the slider in closing- action.
3. Sensing safety device: it can make the slider stopped if a body part is closing to the hazard zone while the slider in closing- action.
4. Pull-back or push-out safety device: it can follow the slider moving to withdraw or push a body part out from the hazard zone.
The safety devices referred in the preceding subparagraphs shall be not easy impairment or alteration.
Article 7
The safety device of the press or shear machine shall meet the following provisions:
1. Adapting to the type of the press or shear machine, the capacity, the numbers of stroke per minute, stroke and operating ways.
2. Adapting to the stop performance of each type of the press or shear machine for a two-hand control safety device or a sensing safety device respectively.
1. Adapting to the type of the press or shear machine, the capacity, the numbers of stroke per minute, stroke and operating ways.
2. Adapting to the stop performance of each type of the press or shear machine for a two-hand control safety device or a sensing safety device respectively.
Article 8
The distance between the operating portion of the slider and the hazard zone, or the distance between the sensing zone and the hazard zone, that related to the stop performance of the twohand control safety device or the sensing safety device set in the preceding Article subparagraph 2, shall be over the value calculated by the following equations separately :
1. Two-hand control safety device for safe- single -stroke:
D＝1.6（Tl＋Ts）
Where,
D: the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tl: the time that hands releasing from the operating portion of that device to the starting action of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
Ts: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds.
2. Two-hand start safety device:
D = 1.6Tm
Where,
D: the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tm: the maximum time that hands releasing from the operating portion to the slider reaching the lower dead center, in millimeters and calculated by the following formula,
Tm =(1/2 + 1 / numbers of clutch engagement) × the time required for one revolution of the crankshaft)
3. Photoelectric safety device: D＝1.6（Tl＋Ts）+C D:the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tl: the time that fingers intervening the sensing zone of that device to the starting of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
Ts: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds.
C: an additional distance, in millimeters, and the adopted value as shown in the following table:
1. Two-hand control safety device for safe- single -stroke:
D＝1.6（Tl＋Ts）
Where,
D: the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tl: the time that hands releasing from the operating portion of that device to the starting action of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
Ts: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds.
2. Two-hand start safety device:
D = 1.6Tm
Where,
D: the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tm: the maximum time that hands releasing from the operating portion to the slider reaching the lower dead center, in millimeters and calculated by the following formula,
Tm =(1/2 + 1 / numbers of clutch engagement) × the time required for one revolution of the crankshaft)
3. Photoelectric safety device: D＝1.6（Tl＋Ts）+C D:the safety distance, in millimeters.
Tl: the time that fingers intervening the sensing zone of that device to the starting of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
Ts: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds.
C: an additional distance, in millimeters, and the adopted value as shown in the following table:
┌────────────────┬─────────────┐
│continuous shading width: mm │additional distance C: mm │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│below 30 │ 0 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 30, below 35 │200 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 35, below 45 │300 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 45, below50 │400 │
└────────────────┴─────────────┘
│continuous shading width: mm │additional distance C: mm │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│below 30 │ 0 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 30, below 35 │200 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 35, below 45 │300 │
├────────────────┼─────────────┤
│over 45, below50 │400 │
└────────────────┴─────────────┘
Article 9
The interlocked guard safety device shall meet the following provisions:
1. Except in an inching state, it has a construction that the slider cannot be closed until the guard device is closed and it cannot be opened while the slider in closing- action.
2. Limit switches that enact the slider can prevent a body part, materials or others not belong to the protective device contacting.
1. Except in an inching state, it has a construction that the slider cannot be closed until the guard device is closed and it cannot be opened while the slider in closing- action.
2. Limit switches that enact the slider can prevent a body part, materials or others not belong to the protective device contacting.
Article 10
The two-hand control safety device shall meet the following provisions:
1. It has a safe- single- stroke safety device, except the press or shear machine with single- stroke- single- stop mechanism and a two-hand start safety device.
2. It has a safe- single-stroke safety device to make the slider stopped when released hands having a risk to reach the hazard zone.
3. It has a two-hand start safety device to make the slider to reach the lower dead center before released hands intervening to the hazard zone.
4. It has a construction that the operating portion for activating the slider cannot be activated except the different of operating time between two hands is less than 0.5 second.
5. It has a construction that the press or shear machine cannot be restarted if two hands do not release from the single stroke operating portion.
6. The distance between one button outside and the other button outside is at least 300 millimeters. It can be reduced for the buttons with covers, baffles, barriers or others having the same safety function to prevent them being operated by a hand or other part of the body.
7. If the buttons are set in boxes, they cannot protrude the button-box surface.
8. If the buttons are built into the body of the press or shear machine, they cannot protrude the surface of the machine.
1. It has a safe- single- stroke safety device, except the press or shear machine with single- stroke- single- stop mechanism and a two-hand start safety device.
2. It has a safe- single-stroke safety device to make the slider stopped when released hands having a risk to reach the hazard zone.
3. It has a two-hand start safety device to make the slider to reach the lower dead center before released hands intervening to the hazard zone.
4. It has a construction that the operating portion for activating the slider cannot be activated except the different of operating time between two hands is less than 0.5 second.
5. It has a construction that the press or shear machine cannot be restarted if two hands do not release from the single stroke operating portion.
6. The distance between one button outside and the other button outside is at least 300 millimeters. It can be reduced for the buttons with covers, baffles, barriers or others having the same safety function to prevent them being operated by a hand or other part of the body.
7. If the buttons are set in boxes, they cannot protrude the button-box surface.
8. If the buttons are built into the body of the press or shear machine, they cannot protrude the surface of the machine.
Article 11
The sensing safety device shall be a photoelectric safety device, a photoelectric safety device with start control function, a laser-sensing safety device or others with equal or over performance.
Article 11-1
The constructure and performances of the photoelectric safety device shall comply with the international standard IEC 61496 series or other equivalents.
Article 12
The photoelectric safety device shall comply with the following provisions:
1. The photoelectric safety device for the press or shear machine can make the slider stopped when detecting the light cut off by a body part.
2. The photoelectric safety device for the press machine can effectively act to prevent hazard from the slider in required distance including adjustment length and stroke(hereinafter referred to as the protective height).
3. The optical-axis of the emitter and receiver shall be over two and can detect the minimum diameter of a shading rod (hereinafter referred to as the continuous shading width) being below 50 millimeters when it is placed anywhere in the protective height referred in the preceding subparagraph. The continuous shading width shall be less than 30 millimeters for that has a function of start control.
4. The optical-axis height from the desktop of the shear machine shall be less than 0.67 times of the horizontal distance between the vertical plane including the optical- axis and the hazard zone. The height could be concerned as 180 millimeters when over 180 millimeters.
5. The emitter and receiver referred in the preceding subparagraph shall have at least one another optical-axis between the former optical-axis and the cutter when the horizontal distance from the vertical plane including the former optical-axis to the hazard zone is over 270 millimeters.
6. The photoelectric safety device for the press or shear machine has a construction that the light from the emitter can only reach its corresponding receiver or reflector, and cannot be sensed by other sensors. It is unrestricted for that not affecting the slider motion even being other light sensed.
1. The photoelectric safety device for the press or shear machine can make the slider stopped when detecting the light cut off by a body part.
2. The photoelectric safety device for the press machine can effectively act to prevent hazard from the slider in required distance including adjustment length and stroke(hereinafter referred to as the protective height).
3. The optical-axis of the emitter and receiver shall be over two and can detect the minimum diameter of a shading rod (hereinafter referred to as the continuous shading width) being below 50 millimeters when it is placed anywhere in the protective height referred in the preceding subparagraph. The continuous shading width shall be less than 30 millimeters for that has a function of start control.
4. The optical-axis height from the desktop of the shear machine shall be less than 0.67 times of the horizontal distance between the vertical plane including the optical- axis and the hazard zone. The height could be concerned as 180 millimeters when over 180 millimeters.
5. The emitter and receiver referred in the preceding subparagraph shall have at least one another optical-axis between the former optical-axis and the cutter when the horizontal distance from the vertical plane including the former optical-axis to the hazard zone is over 270 millimeters.
6. The photoelectric safety device for the press or shear machine has a construction that the light from the emitter can only reach its corresponding receiver or reflector, and cannot be sensed by other sensors. It is unrestricted for that not affecting the slider motion even being other light sensed.
Article 12-1
If the distance between the optical- axis of a detecting mechanism and the front edge of a bolster is enough to be intervened by a body part, the press or shear machine with a photoelectric safety device shall have a safety fence or a middle optical-axis to prevent intervening.
Article 12-2
The photoelectric safety device for the press machine with a material feeder can make that feeder detecting invalidated without restricting by Article 12, subparagraph 2 if the emitter and receiver of that safety device complies with the provisions in subparagraph as follows:
1. The switching to make that detecting invalidated, shall be used by a key , software or others for each optical-axis.
2. When changing a material feeder device, the slider cannot be activated except the detecting invalidated in the preceding subparagraph is reset.
3. When the material feeder is taken away, it has a construction immediately to restore the effective action that the emitter and receiver within the required length can prevent the hazard of the slider motion.
1. The switching to make that detecting invalidated, shall be used by a key , software or others for each optical-axis.
2. When changing a material feeder device, the slider cannot be activated except the detecting invalidated in the preceding subparagraph is reset.
3. When the material feeder is taken away, it has a construction immediately to restore the effective action that the emitter and receiver within the required length can prevent the hazard of the slider motion.
Article 12-3
The photoelectric safety device with a start control function shall have a construction to make the slider stopped when it detect a body part cutting the light. The press or shear machine using a photoelectric safety device with start control function, shall meet the following provisions:
1. The distance of the bolster surface from the ground is above 750 millimeters but it is unrestricted for having a safety fence between the bolster surface and the lower end of the emitter and receiver.
2. The depth of the bolster is less than1,000 millimeters.
3. Stroke is less than 600 millimeters but it is unrestricted for the press or shear machine having a safety fence and the protective height of the emitter and receiver being less than 600 millimeters.
4. The stop- point-setting of the over- fix-point monitor for a crankshaft press machine is within 15 degrees.
The emitter and receiver of the photoelectric safety device with a start control function shall have the construction not easily to be disassembled or to be changed its mounting place. When using the photoelectric safety device with the start control function, it shall be able to prevent the slider moving unexpectedly and meet the following provisions:
1. The photoelectric safety device with the start control function shall use a key to select the hazard-preventive function.
2. It shall have the construction to finish the necessary start preparing operation before making the slider moved.
3. It shall have the construction to finish the necessary start preparing operation related in the preceding subparagraph if the slider do not move within 30 seconds.
The photoelectric safety device with the start control function corresponds with the application of Article 8 and Article 12 provisions. However, the additional safety distance for that device set in Article 8 is reduced as following table:
1. The distance of the bolster surface from the ground is above 750 millimeters but it is unrestricted for having a safety fence between the bolster surface and the lower end of the emitter and receiver.
2. The depth of the bolster is less than1,000 millimeters.
3. Stroke is less than 600 millimeters but it is unrestricted for the press or shear machine having a safety fence and the protective height of the emitter and receiver being less than 600 millimeters.
4. The stop- point-setting of the over- fix-point monitor for a crankshaft press machine is within 15 degrees.
The emitter and receiver of the photoelectric safety device with a start control function shall have the construction not easily to be disassembled or to be changed its mounting place. When using the photoelectric safety device with the start control function, it shall be able to prevent the slider moving unexpectedly and meet the following provisions:
1. The photoelectric safety device with the start control function shall use a key to select the hazard-preventive function.
2. It shall have the construction to finish the necessary start preparing operation before making the slider moved.
3. It shall have the construction to finish the necessary start preparing operation related in the preceding subparagraph if the slider do not move within 30 seconds.
The photoelectric safety device with the start control function corresponds with the application of Article 8 and Article 12 provisions. However, the additional safety distance for that device set in Article 8 is reduced as following table:
┌───────────────┬──────────────┐
│Continuous shading width: │Additional distance C: │
│millimeters │millimeters │
│ │ │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│less than 14 │ 0 │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│more than 14 and less than 20 │ 80 │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│more than 20 and less than 30 │ 130 │
└───────────────┴──────────────┘
│Continuous shading width: │Additional distance C: │
│millimeters │millimeters │
│ │ │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│less than 14 │ 0 │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│more than 14 and less than 20 │ 80 │
├───────────────┼──────────────┤
│more than 20 and less than 30 │ 130 │
└───────────────┴──────────────┘
Article 12-4
A laser-sensitive safety device for a press brake shall have the following performances:
1. A construction can make the slider stopped when it detects a body part shading the light and the slider has a risk to catch the body.
2. A construction can make the slider speed reduced to be less than 10 millimeters (hereinafter referred to as the low closing speed) when it detects a body part or a workpiece shading the light or the slider is asked to keep moving in closing action even the slider having reached a set position.
A laser-sensing safety device can be applied to a press brake complying with the following provisions:
1. A construction can adjust the slider to the low closing speed when it is in closing move.
2. A construction can make the slider not activated in the low closing speed except it is operated at the operating portion.
The detecting construction of the laser-sensitive safety device for a press brake shall have the following performances:
1. The emitter and receiver is provided at the location where a body part may be caught by the slider. If the slider of the press brake is a dropping type, the construction of the detector has the motion in conjunction with the slider motion.
2. A construction can make detecting function invalidated while the slider is in closing motion and the low closing speed.
1. A construction can make the slider stopped when it detects a body part shading the light and the slider has a risk to catch the body.
2. A construction can make the slider speed reduced to be less than 10 millimeters (hereinafter referred to as the low closing speed) when it detects a body part or a workpiece shading the light or the slider is asked to keep moving in closing action even the slider having reached a set position.
A laser-sensing safety device can be applied to a press brake complying with the following provisions:
1. A construction can adjust the slider to the low closing speed when it is in closing move.
2. A construction can make the slider not activated in the low closing speed except it is operated at the operating portion.
The detecting construction of the laser-sensitive safety device for a press brake shall have the following performances:
1. The emitter and receiver is provided at the location where a body part may be caught by the slider. If the slider of the press brake is a dropping type, the construction of the detector has the motion in conjunction with the slider motion.
2. A construction can make detecting function invalidated while the slider is in closing motion and the low closing speed.
Article 13
The pull-back safety device shall meet the following provisions:
1. If it is set by traction cables, the cables are able to adjust the amount of traction and that is more than a half of the bolster depth.
2. The cable material is a synthetic fiber with the diameter more than 4 millimeters. In adjustable metal parts fitted state, the breaking load of it is over 150 kgf (1.5 kN).
3. The toggle- transfer belt is made of leather or other equivalent material and the cable connection portion can withstand more than 50kgf (0.49kN) static load.
1. If it is set by traction cables, the cables are able to adjust the amount of traction and that is more than a half of the bolster depth.
2. The cable material is a synthetic fiber with the diameter more than 4 millimeters. In adjustable metal parts fitted state, the breaking load of it is over 150 kgf (1.5 kN).
3. The toggle- transfer belt is made of leather or other equivalent material and the cable connection portion can withstand more than 50kgf (0.49kN) static load.
Article 14
The push-out safety device shall meet the following provisions:
1. It has a construction that the length and the amplitude of a push-out arm are adjustable.
2. The push-out arm sets a hand- guard plate to ensure the hand safety when the slider moving.
3. Sizes of the hand- guard plate in the preceding subparagraph are as follows:
(1) the width: more than one half width of a die but it being concerned as 100 millimeters for that less than 200 millimeters.
(2) the height: more than the stroke but it being concerned as 300 millimeters for the stroke more than 300 milimeters.
(3) the amplitude of the push-out arm: more than the die width.
4. The push-out arm and the hand- guard plate have the performance mitigating the impact when they contact with hands or a body part.
1. It has a construction that the length and the amplitude of a push-out arm are adjustable.
2. The push-out arm sets a hand- guard plate to ensure the hand safety when the slider moving.
3. Sizes of the hand- guard plate in the preceding subparagraph are as follows:
(1) the width: more than one half width of a die but it being concerned as 100 millimeters for that less than 200 millimeters.
(2) the height: more than the stroke but it being concerned as 300 millimeters for the stroke more than 300 milimeters.
(3) the amplitude of the push-out arm: more than the die width.
4. The push-out arm and the hand- guard plate have the performance mitigating the impact when they contact with hands or a body part.
Article 14-1
The press machine cannot provide the push-out safety device except that complies with the following provisions:
1. The construction is a positive clutch type and the operating portion to start the slider shall be controlled by two hands.
2. The stroke must be more than 40 millimeters and less than the protect-plate width.
3. Strokes per minute must be less than 120. The press machine with the protective stop mechanism operated by a foot type cannot use a push-out safety device except it use one of safety devices set in Article 6 subparagraph 1 through 3.
1. The construction is a positive clutch type and the operating portion to start the slider shall be controlled by two hands.
2. The stroke must be more than 40 millimeters and less than the protect-plate width.
3. Strokes per minute must be less than 120. The press machine with the protective stop mechanism operated by a foot type cannot use a push-out safety device except it use one of safety devices set in Article 6 subparagraph 1 through 3.
Article 15
Mechanical parts, electrical parts, wires, switches or other parts for the safety device of the press or shear machine shall meet the following provisions:
1. The body, the linkage material, the lever and other major mechanical parts have sufficient strength.
2. Linking parts:
(1) Their materials comply with the national standard CNS 3828 “mechanical-structure-usage carbon-steel material” S45C or others having equivalent or more mechanical properties.
(2) The surface of linking parts is treated by quenching and tempering, and their hardness must be above 45 to 50 in Rockwell C scale.
3. Wire cables:
(1) They comply with the national standard CNS 10000 “machinery-control-usage cable” or others having equivalent or more mechanical properties.
(2) They are tightly fixed on the slider, levers and others with clips, clamps and so forth.
4. Preventing loosing shall be applied to bolts, nuts and others on the safety device that may lead the device being malfunction or fitting parts falling off. Preventing falling off shall be applied to pins on the hinge portion too.
5. Relays, limit switches or other major electrical parts shall have sufficient strength and durability to ensure safety device performances.
6. The safety device with electrical circuits shall have indicators to display its actuated states, relay malfunction or failure of other circuits.
7. Mounting portions for relays, transistors, capacitors, resistors or other electrical parts have vibration-proof performance.
8. Circuits in safety device have the performance to prevent the slider accidental action when relays, limit switches or others are failure or power-failure.
9. Operating voltage for the electrical circuit shall be less than 160 volts.
10. External wires shall meet the national standard CNS 6556 “600V PVC insulated and coated light weight cables” or have equivalent or more insulation, oil-resistance, strength and durability.
11. Switches:
(1) For a button-switching type of the safety device, it shall have a construction to let buttons selecting switching positions respectively.
(2) It can exactly keep holding at each switching position.
(3) It is clearly to mark the state of the safety device related to each switch position.
1. The body, the linkage material, the lever and other major mechanical parts have sufficient strength.
2. Linking parts:
(1) Their materials comply with the national standard CNS 3828 “mechanical-structure-usage carbon-steel material” S45C or others having equivalent or more mechanical properties.
(2) The surface of linking parts is treated by quenching and tempering, and their hardness must be above 45 to 50 in Rockwell C scale.
3. Wire cables:
(1) They comply with the national standard CNS 10000 “machinery-control-usage cable” or others having equivalent or more mechanical properties.
(2) They are tightly fixed on the slider, levers and others with clips, clamps and so forth.
4. Preventing loosing shall be applied to bolts, nuts and others on the safety device that may lead the device being malfunction or fitting parts falling off. Preventing falling off shall be applied to pins on the hinge portion too.
5. Relays, limit switches or other major electrical parts shall have sufficient strength and durability to ensure safety device performances.
6. The safety device with electrical circuits shall have indicators to display its actuated states, relay malfunction or failure of other circuits.
7. Mounting portions for relays, transistors, capacitors, resistors or other electrical parts have vibration-proof performance.
8. Circuits in safety device have the performance to prevent the slider accidental action when relays, limit switches or others are failure or power-failure.
9. Operating voltage for the electrical circuit shall be less than 160 volts.
10. External wires shall meet the national standard CNS 6556 “600V PVC insulated and coated light weight cables” or have equivalent or more insulation, oil-resistance, strength and durability.
11. Switches:
(1) For a button-switching type of the safety device, it shall have a construction to let buttons selecting switching positions respectively.
(2) It can exactly keep holding at each switching position.
(3) It is clearly to mark the state of the safety device related to each switch position.
Section 3 Mechanisms and Devices
Article 16
The press or shear machine having one of the following switches shall have the safety function to comply with that in Article 4 in any switching state.
1. The switch for the switching of a continuous- stroke, a single- stroke, a safe- single- stroke , an inching-stroke and so forth.
2. The switch for one- hand control instead of two-hand control, or pedal control in stead of two-hand control.
3. The switch for one- console control instead of multi- control consoles.
4. The switch of the safety device for setting the operation of that switching in "On" or "Off".
1. The switch for the switching of a continuous- stroke, a single- stroke, a safe- single- stroke , an inching-stroke and so forth.
2. The switch for one- hand control instead of two-hand control, or pedal control in stead of two-hand control.
3. The switch for one- console control instead of multi- control consoles.
4. The switch of the safety device for setting the operation of that switching in "On" or "Off".
Article 17
The stroke changing switch and operation changing switch for the press machine shall comply with the following provisions:
1. For those being a key-switching type, their keys can be taken away in any switching position. It is without restrict for anyone of following states:
(1) The press machine in any switching state has one of safety functions in Article 6 subparagraph 1 through 3.
(2) Switchings are operated by a password.
(3) The switches have other equivalent safety control functions.
2. Swithes can exactly be held in the respective switching position.
3. Switchings shall clearly mark all stroke modes and operation means.
1. For those being a key-switching type, their keys can be taken away in any switching position. It is without restrict for anyone of following states:
(1) The press machine in any switching state has one of safety functions in Article 6 subparagraph 1 through 3.
(2) Switchings are operated by a password.
(3) The switches have other equivalent safety control functions.
2. Swithes can exactly be held in the respective switching position.
3. Switchings shall clearly mark all stroke modes and operation means.
Article 18
The press machine shall have an one- stroke- one- stop mechanism.
Article 18-1
A servo press machine with a servo system to make the slider reduced or stopped shall have a braking construction to stop the slider when the servo system fails.
When the braking in the preceding paragraph occurs abnormal, the slider shall be stopped and cannot be started even the restarted operated.
The servo press using a belt or a chain to drive the slider shall have the construction to prevent hazard from the belt or the chain broken.
When the braking in the preceding paragraph occurs abnormal, the slider shall be stopped and cannot be started even the restarted operated.
The servo press using a belt or a chain to drive the slider shall have the construction to prevent hazard from the belt or the chain broken.
Article 19
The press machine shall have the protective stop mechanism except one of the following states:
1. Using a positive clutch.
2. Having a construction to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone.
3. Having a construction to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone during the slider in moving.
The press machine shall have a construction that the slider cannot move without re-start operating after the protective stop mechanism activated.
1. Using a positive clutch.
2. Having a construction to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone.
3. Having a construction to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone during the slider in moving.
The press machine shall have a construction that the slider cannot move without re-start operating after the protective stop mechanism activated.
Article 20
The press machine with the protective stop mechanism shall have a device that the protective stop mechanism can be manually operated to make the slider stopped when an emergency occurs.
The press machine shall have a construction that the slider cannot move if it do not return to the original-start position after the emergency stop device activated.
The press machine shall have a construction that the slider cannot move if it do not return to the original-start position after the emergency stop device activated.
Article 21
The operating portion for the emergency stop device of the press machine shall meet the following provisions:
1. They have red- protruding- type buttons or others with significant identification to be quickly, efficiently and manually operated.
2. They are provided in each operating zone.
3. For the press machine with straight sides or other similar models, whose maximum distance between both straight sides is over 1800 millimeters, the emergency stop devices shall be set respectively in the front side and the rear side.
1. They have red- protruding- type buttons or others with significant identification to be quickly, efficiently and manually operated.
2. They are provided in each operating zone.
3. For the press machine with straight sides or other similar models, whose maximum distance between both straight sides is over 1800 millimeters, the emergency stop devices shall be set respectively in the front side and the rear side.
Article 22
The press machine with the protective stop mechanism shall have an inching mechanism.
The above- mentioned inching mechanism shall have at least one of the following devices for controlling the slide movement:
1. slow closing speed (equal or less than 10 mm/s) of the slides;
2. The slide movement shall not exceed 6 mm per inching step, while the press or shear machine cannot be restarted if the operator has not released their two hands from the operating portion.
If the press referred to in the first paragraph is equipped with safety devices to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone, their inching mechanism is not restricted by the requirements of the first paragraph in this Article.
The above- mentioned inching mechanism shall have at least one of the following devices for controlling the slide movement:
1. slow closing speed (equal or less than 10 mm/s) of the slides;
2. The slide movement shall not exceed 6 mm per inching step, while the press or shear machine cannot be restarted if the operator has not released their two hands from the operating portion.
If the press referred to in the first paragraph is equipped with safety devices to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone, their inching mechanism is not restricted by the requirements of the first paragraph in this Article.
Article 23
The press machine shall have a safety stopper or a fix- slider device to prevent the slider accidently falling, while featuring an interlocked construction that cannot activate the slider when the stopper or the fix- slider device is used. As the following press machines find it difficult to use that, they can use a safety plug, a safety lock or other devices with an equivalent function.
1. A press brake.
2. Except the press brake, the machine press with each bolter-side-length below 1500 millimeters or the die-height below 700 millimeters.
The proviso for the safety plug or the safety lock in the preceding paragraph shall meet the following provisions:
1. The safety plug is provided in each operating zone of the press machine.
2. The safety lock can block the main motor power of the press machine.
The safety stopper or the fix-slider device in the paragraph 1 shall have the strength to support the total weight of the slider and the upper half die.
1. A press brake.
2. Except the press brake, the machine press with each bolter-side-length below 1500 millimeters or the die-height below 700 millimeters.
The proviso for the safety plug or the safety lock in the preceding paragraph shall meet the following provisions:
1. The safety plug is provided in each operating zone of the press machine.
2. The safety lock can block the main motor power of the press machine.
The safety stopper or the fix-slider device in the paragraph 1 shall have the strength to support the total weight of the slider and the upper half die.
Article 24
The operating portion of the press or shear machine shall have one of the following constructions:
1. to prevent the slider unexpectedly starting up due to inadvertent touching.
2. the slider cannot move without re-starting the operation.
The above-mentioned machinery with mode switching and continuous-stroke shall have a mechanism and construction to prevent the movement of the slider in the case of mistaken operation of the mode switching.
1. to prevent the slider unexpectedly starting up due to inadvertent touching.
2. the slider cannot move without re-starting the operation.
The above-mentioned machinery with mode switching and continuous-stroke shall have a mechanism and construction to prevent the movement of the slider in the case of mistaken operation of the mode switching.
Article 25
The electrical systems of the press machine shall meet the following provisions:
1. Indicators or other equivalent functional devices are provided to show operating status.
2. Mounting zones for relays, transistors, capacitors, resistors, other electrical parts, control panel, the operation panel or the main body of the press machine have vibration prevention capacity.
3. The electrical circuit for the main motor driving has the function that the main motor cannot be restarted after the end of a power outage unless restart is activated. The above-mentioned requirements may not apply if the machinery is constructed to prevent a body part entering a hazard zone.
4. The electrical circuit for control or operation has the function to prevent unexpected action by the slider in the case of failures by relays, limit switches or other electrical parts, voltage drops or power outage. The above-mentioned requirements may not apply if the machinery is constructed to prevent a body part entering a hazard zone.
5. The operating voltage for the electrical circuit is less than 160 volts.
6. External wires shall meet the national standard CNS 6556 "600V PVC insulated and coated light weight cables" or others having equivalent or more insulation, oil-resistance, strength and durability.
7. Relays, limit switches or other major electrical parts in electrical circuits for controlling or operating shall have sufficient strength and durability.
1. Indicators or other equivalent functional devices are provided to show operating status.
2. Mounting zones for relays, transistors, capacitors, resistors, other electrical parts, control panel, the operation panel or the main body of the press machine have vibration prevention capacity.
3. The electrical circuit for the main motor driving has the function that the main motor cannot be restarted after the end of a power outage unless restart is activated. The above-mentioned requirements may not apply if the machinery is constructed to prevent a body part entering a hazard zone.
4. The electrical circuit for control or operation has the function to prevent unexpected action by the slider in the case of failures by relays, limit switches or other electrical parts, voltage drops or power outage. The above-mentioned requirements may not apply if the machinery is constructed to prevent a body part entering a hazard zone.
5. The operating voltage for the electrical circuit is less than 160 volts.
6. External wires shall meet the national standard CNS 6556 "600V PVC insulated and coated light weight cables" or others having equivalent or more insulation, oil-resistance, strength and durability.
7. Relays, limit switches or other major electrical parts in electrical circuits for controlling or operating shall have sufficient strength and durability.
Article 26
Springs, bolts, nuts, bushings, pins or others for the press machine shall meet the following provisions:
1. Springs are compression type and guided by rods, pipes or others if the slider have an accident motion risk because of springs broking or dropping out.
2. Preventing loosing shall be applied to bolts, nuts, bushings and others that may lead the slider to unexpectedly move or fitting parts to fall off.
3. Preventing loosing shall be applied to pins that may lead the slider to unexpectedly move or fitting parts to fall off.
1. Springs are compression type and guided by rods, pipes or others if the slider have an accident motion risk because of springs broking or dropping out.
2. Preventing loosing shall be applied to bolts, nuts, bushings and others that may lead the slider to unexpectedly move or fitting parts to fall off.
3. Preventing loosing shall be applied to pins that may lead the slider to unexpectedly move or fitting parts to fall off.
Section 4 Mechanical systems
Article 27
A clutch of the mechanical press shall have a construction that a main motor cannot be driven when the clutch is in engagement state and the slider stopped but it is unrestricted for having a construction to prevent a body part intervening a hazard zone.
Article 28
The stroke numbers of a mechanical press with a sliding-pin clutch (hereinafter referred to as the pin clutch mechanical press) or a rolling-key clutch (hereinafter referred to as the key clutch mechanical press) cannot be over that in Attachment table 1.
- Attachment table 1.PDF
- Attachment table 1.doc
Article 29
Materials used in the clutches related to that mechanical press in preceding Article 28 shall have mechanical properties to comply with the national standard in Attachment table 2 or others having equivalent or more.
- Attachment table 2.pdf
- Attachment table 2.doc
Article 30
The heat treatment and surface hardness of those clutches related in Article 28 shall base on the type of the mechanical press and the construction of those to comply with provisions in Attachment table 3.
- Attachment table 3.pdf
- Attachment table 3.doc
Article 31
For those clutches in Article 28 which is pneumatic activating, shall have a spring-release construction or others having equivalent or more safety functions.
Article 32
The clutch of the pin clutch mechanical press shall have a stopper to stop the crankshaft revolution before a clutch driving cam do not exceed the scope of the clutch slide- pin yet to return back.
The clutch bracket used by the clutch in the preceding paragraph shall have a positioning pin to fix its position.
The clutch-driving cam shall have a construction that it cannot be pressed back if not being acted.
The mounting portion for the clutch-driving cam shall have enough strength to support the impact on the cam.
The clutch bracket used by the clutch in the preceding paragraph shall have a positioning pin to fix its position.
The clutch-driving cam shall have a construction that it cannot be pressed back if not being acted.
The mounting portion for the clutch-driving cam shall have enough strength to support the impact on the cam.
Article 33
The clutch of a mechanical press brake shall use a friction-type clutch.
Article 34
The brake device of the mechanical press with an eccentric mechanism such as a crankshaft (hereinafter referred to as the crankshaft press) shall have a construction that its braking surface cannot be invaded by fat, oil or others but it is unrestricted for the wet-braking type.
Article 35
The brake device of the crankshaft press that braking is activated with a pneumatic clutch, shall be a spring- fastening type or others having equivalent or more safety function.
The brake device of the crankshaft press except the press mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall be a non- band braking type but it is unrestricted for a crankshaft press with a capacity less than 100 tons and not a mechanical press brake.
The brake device of the crankshaft press except the press mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall be a non- band braking type but it is unrestricted for a crankshaft press with a capacity less than 100 tons and not a mechanical press brake.
Article 36
The crankshaft press shall have indicators or others having equivalent function to show the angle of the crank rotation in obvious position.
Article 37
The stopping angle of the crankshaft for the pin clutch or the key clutch mechanical press shall be within 10 degrees but it is unrestricted for having a construction to prevent a body part intervening a hazard zone.
The above mentioned stopping angle refers to the crank center angle formed by the set stop point and the actual stop point.
The above mentioned stopping angle refers to the crank center angle formed by the set stop point and the actual stop point.
Article 38
The crankshaft press with a crankshaft revolution below 300 revolutions per minute shall have a system to monitor excessive speed. But the above-mentioned requirements may not apply to crankshaft presses which do not need to include the protective stop mechanism according to rules, or which are constructed to prevent a body part entering the hazard zone.
The monitor in the preceding paragraph means that a directive can activate the protective stop mechanism when the crankshaft cannot be stopped at the set-stop point.
The above-mentioned set-stop point shall have a stopping angle within 25 degrees from the set-stop position.
The monitor in the preceding paragraph means that a directive can activate the protective stop mechanism when the crankshaft cannot be stopped at the set-stop point.
The above-mentioned set-stop point shall have a stopping angle within 25 degrees from the set-stop position.
Article 39
The mechanical press that clutch or brake is controlled by pneumatic or hydraulic shall provide the following solenoid valves:
1. Multi-acting solenoid valves except that having a construction to prevent a body part intervening the hazard zone.
2. Normally closed solenoid valve.
3. Being pressure-return type for the solenoid valve controlled by the pneumatic.
4. Being spring-return type for solenoid valve controlled by the hydraulic.
1. Multi-acting solenoid valves except that having a construction to prevent a body part intervening the hazard zone.
2. Normally closed solenoid valve.
3. Being pressure-return type for the solenoid valve controlled by the pneumatic.
4. Being spring-return type for solenoid valve controlled by the hydraulic.
Article 40
The mechanical press mentioned in the preceding Article shall have a safety device to prevent excess pressure of the pneumatic or hydraulic pressure of the clutch or brake and to cause the slider to stop automatically when the pressure is below the set value, which may not apply if the safety requirement is met by using a servo-system that can prevent inadvertent action when the pneumatic or hydraulic pressure goes beyond the set value.
Article 41
The mechanical press with a slider adjusting by an electric motor shall have a device to prevent the slider adjusting beyond its upper or lower limits.
Article 42
The counter-balancer of the slider for the mechanical press shall meet the following provisions:
1. A spring-type counter-balancer : a construction to prevent spring or other parts scattered when it occurs damage.
2. A pneumatic-type counter-balancer:
(1) a construction to prevent piston or other parts scattered when it occurs damage.
(2) a construction that the slider and its accessories shall be held at any position in the stroke when the brake device is not operated, and it can automatically stop the slide acting when the pressure falls below the set.
1. A spring-type counter-balancer : a construction to prevent spring or other parts scattered when it occurs damage.
2. A pneumatic-type counter-balancer:
(1) a construction to prevent piston or other parts scattered when it occurs damage.
(2) a construction that the slider and its accessories shall be held at any position in the stroke when the brake device is not operated, and it can automatically stop the slide acting when the pressure falls below the set.
Article 43
The positive-clutch mechanical press with a foot control switch or a foot pedal, strokes per minute less than 150, and the capacity below 150 tons, shall have a construction that can prevent a body part entering the hazard zone or have the protective stop mechanism.
Article 44
The positive- clutch mechanical press with strokes per minute over than 150 or the capacity over 150 tons shall not be provided the protective stop mechanism.
Section 5 Hydraulic systems
Article 45
A hydraulic press shall have a construction that the slider cannot be activated without doing the start operation after a hydraulic pump started.
Article 46
An over drop distance (inertial descending value) of the slider shall be less than the value in Attachment table 4 when the protective stop mechanism in the hydraulic press acts on the slider being of a maximum dropping speed.
- Attachment table 4.pdf
- Attachment table 4.doc
Article 47
The hydraulic press shall have a safety stopper to support the total weight of the slider and the upper half die.
Article 48
The solenoid valve in the hydraulic press or shear machine shall be a normally closed type with a spring-return construction.
Article 49
The hydraulic press or shear machine shall have a safety device to prevent that hydraulic pressure goes beyond the set value.
Chapter 3 Hand-fed planer
Article 50
A hand-fed planer except a portable shall have a cutter contactpreventive device complying with the following provisions. It might be exempted from a part or all of them if it has equivalent or more performance accredited from the inspection agency.
1. It has a guard to cover the portion except the wood-piece being planned.
2. It has strength to withstand deflection and distortion.
3. It has function to prevent bolts, pins and others of the hinge in a self-adjusting contact-preventive device from loosening or dropping out.
4. A self-adjusting contact-preventive device shall be used for those pushing a wood-piece by hands. If most wood-pieces with a same form, a same planning width and no risk of hands contacting with the shaper, a fixed cutter contact-preventive device can be used too but it is unrestricted for the cutter contactpreventive device used in a spindle shaper.
The cutter contact-preventive device for the hand-fed planer shall make the gap between the low-edge of a cover and a material-fed table be less than 8 millimeters.
1. It has a guard to cover the portion except the wood-piece being planned.
2. It has strength to withstand deflection and distortion.
3. It has function to prevent bolts, pins and others of the hinge in a self-adjusting contact-preventive device from loosening or dropping out.
4. A self-adjusting contact-preventive device shall be used for those pushing a wood-piece by hands. If most wood-pieces with a same form, a same planning width and no risk of hands contacting with the shaper, a fixed cutter contact-preventive device can be used too but it is unrestricted for the cutter contactpreventive device used in a spindle shaper.
The cutter contact-preventive device for the hand-fed planer shall make the gap between the low-edge of a cover and a material-fed table be less than 8 millimeters.
Article 51
The hand-fed planer shall have a device to make a rotating cutter block stopped and braked when the power shut down. There is unrestricted if it can make cutter block stopped within 10 seconds as the power shut down or a portable planer using a motor with a single-phase series wound motor.
Article 52
The hand-fed planer shall have a mechanism that can prevent hazards when changing the cutter.
Article 53
The hand-fed planer shall have a power shut off device that can be operated without leaving a job position.
The power shut off device related in the preceding paragraph shall be easily operated and has a construction to prevent an accident start from unexpected contacting, vibrating or the like.
The power shut off device related in the preceding paragraph shall be easily operated and has a construction to prevent an accident start from unexpected contacting, vibrating or the like.
Article 54
Except the portable planer, the hand-fed planer shall have a device to adjust the gap between the wood- fed table and the cutter tip being less than 3 millimeters.
Article 55
The cutter block of the hand-fed planer, pulley, belt or other rotating parts shall have guards if they may cause a risk because of contacting with a body part. There is unrestricted except the necessary planed zone by the cutter block.
Article 56
The material for the cutter of the hand-fed planer shall comply with the following provisions or others having equivalent or more mechanical properties:
1. cutter: complying with SKH2 set in the national standard CNS 2904 “high speed tool steel material”.
2. cutter block: complying with the national standard CNS 2473 “the general- structural-using rolled steel material” or the national standard CNS 3828 “mechanical- structure-using carbon steel material”.
1. cutter: complying with SKH2 set in the national standard CNS 2904 “high speed tool steel material”.
2. cutter block: complying with the national standard CNS 2473 “the general- structural-using rolled steel material” or the national standard CNS 3828 “mechanical- structure-using carbon steel material”.
Article 57
The cutter shall be fitted in the cutter block in accordance with the following way:
1. Based on the national standard CNS 4813 “flat plan cutter for wood machine”, at least one of fitted holes shall be a slot hole for the A type cutter (thickness cutter).
2. Based on the national standard CNS 4813 “flat plan cutter for wood machine”, fitted slots or a cutter-compressing plate for the B type cutter (thin cutter) shall be a wedge-shaped or other similar ways.
1. Based on the national standard CNS 4813 “flat plan cutter for wood machine”, at least one of fitted holes shall be a slot hole for the A type cutter (thickness cutter).
2. Based on the national standard CNS 4813 “flat plan cutter for wood machine”, fitted slots or a cutter-compressing plate for the B type cutter (thin cutter) shall be a wedge-shaped or other similar ways.
Article 58
Only a cylindrical cutter block can be used on the hand-fed planer.
Chapter 4 Woodworking circular saws
Article 59
Materials, installation ways and flanges for woodworking circular saws (hereinafter referred to as the circular saw) shall meet the following provisions.:
1. Materials shall comply with the specifications in attachment table 5 or other equivalents or more mechanical properties depending on the type of circular saw blades and their components.
2. Mounting:
(1) Using the flange set in subparagraph 3, except a gang rip or a multiple sizer that uses special assembly tools.
(2) fixed- or movable- flange being fixed on a saw shaft in a shrink fit, press or the like, or with pins, bolts.
(3) The fastening bolts on the shaft of the circular saw shall be of an appropriate tightness.
(4) Nuts, bolts and others for fastening the flange must be capable of preventing loosening while the saws are being braked.
3. Flange:
(1) Uses material that has a tensile strength of FC150 iron castings set in the national standard CNS 2472 “gray iron castings,” and not causing deformation.
(2) Flange diameters being equal on the fixed- side and the movable- side.
1. Materials shall comply with the specifications in attachment table 5 or other equivalents or more mechanical properties depending on the type of circular saw blades and their components.
2. Mounting:
(1) Using the flange set in subparagraph 3, except a gang rip or a multiple sizer that uses special assembly tools.
(2) fixed- or movable- flange being fixed on a saw shaft in a shrink fit, press or the like, or with pins, bolts.
(3) The fastening bolts on the shaft of the circular saw shall be of an appropriate tightness.
(4) Nuts, bolts and others for fastening the flange must be capable of preventing loosening while the saws are being braked.
3. Flange:
(1) Uses material that has a tensile strength of FC150 iron castings set in the national standard CNS 2472 “gray iron castings,” and not causing deformation.
(2) Flange diameters being equal on the fixed- side and the movable- side.
- Attachment table 5.pdf
- Attachment table 5.doc
Article 60
The circular saw shall have the following safety devices:
1. An anti-kickback device for the circular saw (hereinafter referred to as the anti-kickback device) except the cross cut circular saw or others not causing danger to workers because of wood kickback.
2. A teeth contact-preventive device for the circular saw (hereinafter referred to as the teeth contact-preventive device) except that for lumber or with an automatic feeding device.
1. An anti-kickback device for the circular saw (hereinafter referred to as the anti-kickback device) except the cross cut circular saw or others not causing danger to workers because of wood kickback.
2. A teeth contact-preventive device for the circular saw (hereinafter referred to as the teeth contact-preventive device) except that for lumber or with an automatic feeding device.
Article 61
A riving knife of the anti-kickback device (hereinafter referred to as the riving knife) or a teeth-contact preventive device shall meet the following provisions:
1. The installation of the riving knife and the teeth contactpreventive device must be in the condition that the longitudinal cross section plane formed by their longitudinal cross section planes containing their longitudinal center lines and the longitudinal cross section plan containing the longitudinal center line of the blade are always on the same plan.
2. The gap between the riving knife and the top of that opposite blade teeth is less than 12 millimeters.
1. The installation of the riving knife and the teeth contactpreventive device must be in the condition that the longitudinal cross section plane formed by their longitudinal cross section planes containing their longitudinal center lines and the longitudinal cross section plan containing the longitudinal center line of the blade are always on the same plan.
2. The gap between the riving knife and the top of that opposite blade teeth is less than 12 millimeters.
Article 62
When the power blocked, the circular saw shall have a brake device to make its rotating shaft stopped except the following circular saw:
1. The circular saw is capable of stopping its shaft within 10 seconds when the power blocked.
2. The portable circular saw use a single-phase series wound motor.
3. The circular saw has an automatic feeder which blade is built into the body or others that do not cause a dangerous risk because of bodily contact.
4. It is a tenoning machine or a multi-axis tenoning machine.
1. The circular saw is capable of stopping its shaft within 10 seconds when the power blocked.
2. The portable circular saw use a single-phase series wound motor.
3. The circular saw has an automatic feeder which blade is built into the body or others that do not cause a dangerous risk because of bodily contact.
4. It is a tenoning machine or a multi-axis tenoning machine.
Article 63
The circular saw shall have a device to fix its shaft to prevent the hazard from shaft rotating when replacing the blade.
Article 64
The power blocking device for the circular saw shall meet the following provisions:
1. Setting in a place that the operator can control it without leaving the operating position.
2. Being easily to control and having a construction that no risk of unexpectedly starting when accidently contacting or vibrating and so forth.
1. Setting in a place that the operator can control it without leaving the operating position.
2. Being easily to control and having a construction that no risk of unexpectedly starting when accidently contacting or vibrating and so forth.
Article 65
Blades, gears, pulleys, belts and other rotating parts of circular saws those have a dangerous risk because of bodily contacting shall have covers except the necessary cut portion by the blade.
Article 66
A tilt device of the table of an universal tilt circular saw shall be a spiral type or a structure not to cause an accident tilting.
Article 67
The portable circular saw shall provide a surface plate. The distance between the outer end of the surface plate in cutting side and the teeth top of the blade shall be over12 millimeters.
Article 68
The riving knife shall meet the following provisions:
1. Materials: complying with SK5 specifications set in the national standard CNS 2964 "carbon tool steel " or other equivalent or more mechanical properties.
2. Shapes:
(1) A shape of the riving knife is formed to comply a gap within 12 millimeters to two third of the slope teeth of the blade related to the standard table surface in accordance with Article 116.
(2) The cross section shape of the riving knife shall be the form that resistance is less to feed the wood-piece.
3. Being related to the standard table position based on Article 116, the width of a riving knife with one end fixed (hereinafter referred to as the sickle-type riving knife) shall be in accordance with the diameter of the blade and not less than the value in Attachment table 6.
4. The width of the sickle-type riving knife in a two-thirds position of the blade reverse teeth from the standard table position is not less than one third of the value in Attachment table 6.
5. The width of the drape-type riving knife fixed at both ends (hereinafter referred to as the drape-type riving knife) shall be in accordance with the diameter of the blade and not less than the value in Attachment table 7.
6. The thickness of the riving knife shall be more than 1.1 times of that of the blade.
7. The mounting portion has a structure to adjust the gap between the blade and the riving knife.
8. Mounting bolts:
(1) The material shall be steel. The diameter of bolts shall be according to the type of the riving knife and the diameter of the blade and not less than the values in Attachment table 8.
(2) Numbers of mounting bolts shall be over two.
(3) The mounting bolts shall use conical spring washers to prevent loosening.
9. Materials of support parts shall be steel or cast iron and have sufficient strength to support the riving knife.
10. The riving knife for the circular saw with the diameter over 610 millimeters shall be a drape-type.
1. Materials: complying with SK5 specifications set in the national standard CNS 2964 "carbon tool steel " or other equivalent or more mechanical properties.
2. Shapes:
(1) A shape of the riving knife is formed to comply a gap within 12 millimeters to two third of the slope teeth of the blade related to the standard table surface in accordance with Article 116.
(2) The cross section shape of the riving knife shall be the form that resistance is less to feed the wood-piece.
3. Being related to the standard table position based on Article 116, the width of a riving knife with one end fixed (hereinafter referred to as the sickle-type riving knife) shall be in accordance with the diameter of the blade and not less than the value in Attachment table 6.
4. The width of the sickle-type riving knife in a two-thirds position of the blade reverse teeth from the standard table position is not less than one third of the value in Attachment table 6.
5. The width of the drape-type riving knife fixed at both ends (hereinafter referred to as the drape-type riving knife) shall be in accordance with the diameter of the blade and not less than the value in Attachment table 7.
6. The thickness of the riving knife shall be more than 1.1 times of that of the blade.
7. The mounting portion has a structure to adjust the gap between the blade and the riving knife.
8. Mounting bolts:
(1) The material shall be steel. The diameter of bolts shall be according to the type of the riving knife and the diameter of the blade and not less than the values in Attachment table 8.
(2) Numbers of mounting bolts shall be over two.
(3) The mounting bolts shall use conical spring washers to prevent loosening.
9. Materials of support parts shall be steel or cast iron and have sufficient strength to support the riving knife.
10. The riving knife for the circular saw with the diameter over 610 millimeters shall be a drape-type.
- Attachment table 6.pdf
- Attachment table 6.doc
- Attachment table 7.pdf
- Attachment table 7.doc
- Attachment table 8.pdf
- Attachment table 8.doc
Article 69
An anti-kickback preventive claw for an anti-kickback device (hereinafter referred to as the anti-kickback preventive claw) or an anti-kickback preventive roll (hereinafter referred to as the anti-kickback preventive roll) shall meet the following provisions:
1. Material : It is in accordance with the SS400 set the national standard CNS 2473 " the general- structure-using rolled steel " or the equivalent or others having more mechanical properties.
2. Construction:
(1) The anti-kickback preventive claw or the anti-kickback preventive roll shall have the function to prevent processing material from lifting on the slope tooth side of the blade and be enough strength based on the wood-piece thickness but it is unrestricted for the anti-back preventive claw with an automatic feed device.
(2) For the anti-back preventive claw with an automatic feed device, it shall have function to prevent processing material kickback and be enough strength based on the wood-piece thickness.
3. The support of the anti-back preventive claw or the anti-kickback preventive roll shall have sufficient strength against the processing material bounce.
4. Except the circular saw with an automatic feed device, the anti-kickback preventive device with the diameter over 450 millimeters shall use that neither the anti-kickback preventive claw nor the anti-kickback preventive roll.
1. Material : It is in accordance with the SS400 set the national standard CNS 2473 " the general- structure-using rolled steel " or the equivalent or others having more mechanical properties.
2. Construction:
(1) The anti-kickback preventive claw or the anti-kickback preventive roll shall have the function to prevent processing material from lifting on the slope tooth side of the blade and be enough strength based on the wood-piece thickness but it is unrestricted for the anti-back preventive claw with an automatic feed device.
(2) For the anti-back preventive claw with an automatic feed device, it shall have function to prevent processing material kickback and be enough strength based on the wood-piece thickness.
3. The support of the anti-back preventive claw or the anti-kickback preventive roll shall have sufficient strength against the processing material bounce.
4. Except the circular saw with an automatic feed device, the anti-kickback preventive device with the diameter over 450 millimeters shall use that neither the anti-kickback preventive claw nor the anti-kickback preventive roll.
Article 70
The teeth-contact preventive device for the circular saw shall meet the following provisions:
1. Construction:
(1) Except the teeth-contact preventive device for a portable circular saw, a cover that lower-end always contacts with fed wood-piece in the teeth-contact preventive device (hereinafter referred to as the movable teeth-contact preventive device) shall have a construction being capable of guarding all excluding the teeth opposite the riving knife and the cutting portion of the wood-piece.
(2) Except the teeth opposite the riving knife and the portion of 8 millimeters above the top of feeding wood-piece, the cover being not a movable teeth-contact preventive device shall have a construction to guard all and cannot let the lower-end of the cover be adjusted over 25 millimeters above the saw table surface to intend use it.
(3) The cover in the preceding two subparagraphs shall have a construction that the operator who is feeding the wood-piece can see the cutting portion of the saw blade.
2. Bolts, pins and others for the hinge portion of the cover related in the preceding subparagraph shall have function to prevent loosening.
3. The support portion of the teeth-contact preventive device have the construction to adjust the cover position and enough strength to support the cover. Preventing loosing or dropping out shall be applied to the shaft and bolts of the support portion.
4. The teeth- contact preventive device for the portable circular saw:
(1) The cover: It has the construction to guard the portion except the cutting necessary portion. In the state, the necessary sizes for the saw blade cutting shall be not over the value in Attachment figure 1 when the surface plate is adjusted to the most cutting depth and the angle between the surface plate and the saw blade is 90 degrees.
(2) Fixed-cover: It has a construction to let the operator see the cutting portion.
(3) Movable cover:
a. When cutting work is finished, it comes back to the closure point automatically.
b. It cannot be fixed at any position in the movement range.
(4) The support portion: It has sufficient strength to support the cover.
(5) Preventing loosing or dropping out shall be applied to the bolts in the support portion and the bolts to fix metal fittings of the springs in the movable automatically return cover.
1. Construction:
(1) Except the teeth-contact preventive device for a portable circular saw, a cover that lower-end always contacts with fed wood-piece in the teeth-contact preventive device (hereinafter referred to as the movable teeth-contact preventive device) shall have a construction being capable of guarding all excluding the teeth opposite the riving knife and the cutting portion of the wood-piece.
(2) Except the teeth opposite the riving knife and the portion of 8 millimeters above the top of feeding wood-piece, the cover being not a movable teeth-contact preventive device shall have a construction to guard all and cannot let the lower-end of the cover be adjusted over 25 millimeters above the saw table surface to intend use it.
(3) The cover in the preceding two subparagraphs shall have a construction that the operator who is feeding the wood-piece can see the cutting portion of the saw blade.
2. Bolts, pins and others for the hinge portion of the cover related in the preceding subparagraph shall have function to prevent loosening.
3. The support portion of the teeth-contact preventive device have the construction to adjust the cover position and enough strength to support the cover. Preventing loosing or dropping out shall be applied to the shaft and bolts of the support portion.
4. The teeth- contact preventive device for the portable circular saw:
(1) The cover: It has the construction to guard the portion except the cutting necessary portion. In the state, the necessary sizes for the saw blade cutting shall be not over the value in Attachment figure 1 when the surface plate is adjusted to the most cutting depth and the angle between the surface plate and the saw blade is 90 degrees.
(2) Fixed-cover: It has a construction to let the operator see the cutting portion.
(3) Movable cover:
a. When cutting work is finished, it comes back to the closure point automatically.
b. It cannot be fixed at any position in the movement range.
(4) The support portion: It has sufficient strength to support the cover.
(5) Preventing loosing or dropping out shall be applied to the bolts in the support portion and the bolts to fix metal fittings of the springs in the movable automatically return cover.
- Attachment figure 1.PDF
- Attachment figure 1.doc
Chapter 5 Power lift-trucks
Article 71
A power driving lift- truck (hereinafter referred to as the lifttruck) except a non-counter-balancer shall base on set in Attachment table 9 to have front- rear and left-right stability without causing capsizing on the slope ground according to load states.
- Attachment table 9 The counterbalancer lift- truck.pdf
- Attachment table 9 The counterbalancer lift- truck.doc
Article 72
According to load states, a side loading lift-truck shall base on set in Attachment table 10 to have front- rear and left- right stability without causing capsizing on the slope ground according to load states.
- Attachment table 10 The side loading lift- truck.pdf
- Attachment table 10 The side loading lift- truck.doc
Article 73
According to load status, a reach truck or a straddle truck shall have front- rear and left- right stability without causing capsizing on the slope ground according to attachment table 11.
- Attachment table 11 the telescopic-materials-handler lift- truck or the straddle lift- truck.pdf
- Attachment table 11 the telescopic-materials-handler lift- truck or the straddle lift- truck.doc
Article 74
According to load states, a narrow lift-truck shall base on set in Attachment table 12 to have front- rear and left- right stability without causing capsizing on the slope ground according to load states.
- Attachment table 12 the narrow lift- truck.pdf
- Attachment table 12 the narrow lift- truck.doc
Article 75
The lift-truck shall have a braking device to stop running or keep stopping. According to lift-truck load states and initial braking speed, the braking device in the preceding paragraph shall have the function to stop running a lift-truck within a distance set in Attachment table 13.
According to load states, a remaining-stop- state braking device in the first paragraph shall have the lift-truck stopped on the slope-ground set in table 14. But based on the lift-truck performance, its maximum slope climbing below that in the table, the former prevails.
According to load states, a remaining-stop- state braking device in the first paragraph shall have the lift-truck stopped on the slope-ground set in table 14. But based on the lift-truck performance, its maximum slope climbing below that in the table, the former prevails.
- Attachment table 13.pdf
- Attachment table 13.doc
- Attachment table 14.pdf
- Attachment table 14.doc
Article 76
The lift-truck shall have a left and right direction indicators. If it has a top speed less than 20 kilometers, the distance between the center of the steering wheel and the outermost less than 65 centimeters, and no driver seat, it is exempt to set the direction indicator.
Article 77
The lift-truck shall have a warning device.
Article 78
The lift-truck shall have headlamps and rear lamps except it has remarked only to be used in a good illumination place.
Article 79
The lift-truck shall have a head- guard meeting the following provisions except it has remarked only to be used in cargo loading and no hazard risk to the driver when the load dropped.
1. The head-guard is strong enough to withstand the twice values of the lift-truck maximum load in static load distribution. The maximum load is taken by 4 tons if it is over 4 tons.
2. The width or length of the upper openings is not over 16 centimeters.
3. If a lift-truck operation is by means of a driver- siting, the distance between the top of the seat and the bottom of the head guard should be over 95 centimeters.
4. If the lift-truck operation is by means of a driver standing, the distance between the floor of the seat and the bottom of the upper frame of the head guard should be over 1.8 meters.
1. The head-guard is strong enough to withstand the twice values of the lift-truck maximum load in static load distribution. The maximum load is taken by 4 tons if it is over 4 tons.
2. The width or length of the upper openings is not over 16 centimeters.
3. If a lift-truck operation is by means of a driver- siting, the distance between the top of the seat and the bottom of the head guard should be over 95 centimeters.
4. If the lift-truck operation is by means of a driver standing, the distance between the floor of the seat and the bottom of the upper frame of the head guard should be over 1.8 meters.
Article 80
The lift-truck shall have a rear supporting frame except it has been remarked only to be used in the case without causing a dangerous risk even its mast is backward tilt and loads falling.
Article 81
Hydraulic device in the lift-truck shall have an over-pressure safety valve.
Article 82
Fork, ram and others to load goods (hereinafter referred to as the fork) of a forklift truck shall meet the following requirements:
1. There is no significant damage, deformation or corrosion if the material is steel.
2. The stress in the fork shall be below one third of the yield strength of steel used in the fork, when the maximum load is put in the base-load center.
Forklift trucks, which are not new and of which the forks comply with ISO 5057, may not be subject to the restrictions stated in the subparagraph 2 of the preceding paragraph.
1. There is no significant damage, deformation or corrosion if the material is steel.
2. The stress in the fork shall be below one third of the yield strength of steel used in the fork, when the maximum load is put in the base-load center.
Forklift trucks, which are not new and of which the forks comply with ISO 5057, may not be subject to the restrictions stated in the subparagraph 2 of the preceding paragraph.
Article 83
A safety factor for chains used by the loading and unloading device of the lift-truck shall be over 5.
The safety factor in the preceding paragraph gets from the breaking load of the chain divided by the maximum load imposed on it.
The safety factor in the preceding paragraph gets from the breaking load of the chain divided by the maximum load imposed on it.
Article 84
Where the forklift truck is equipped with a driver seat in a lifting manner, an armrest and a fall prevention device shall be provided.
Forklift truck operated by driver-sitting shall comply with the following requirements:
1. The seat cushion shall be made of shock-absorption materials to prevent significant vibration of the body of the driver when the truck is moving.
2. The driver seat of a counter-balance type forklift truck and side loading type forklift truck shall be equipped with safety belts, guard rails or other protective devices that prevent the driver from crushing when the truck falls.
Forklift truck operated by driver-sitting shall comply with the following requirements:
1. The seat cushion shall be made of shock-absorption materials to prevent significant vibration of the body of the driver when the truck is moving.
2. The driver seat of a counter-balance type forklift truck and side loading type forklift truck shall be equipped with safety belts, guard rails or other protective devices that prevent the driver from crushing when the truck falls.
Chapter 6 Grinders and grinding wheels
Article 85
A grinding wheel shall have the following functions:
1. A highest using peripheral speed for a straight grinding wheel, a dish grinding wheel, an elastic grinding wheel or a cutting- off grinding wheel shall be prescribed with models made by each of its bonder through a grinding wheel rotation-breaking test.
2. The grain of models shall be an aluminum oxide (alumina) series.
3. Sizes of the straight grinding wheel or the dish grinding wheel shall base on Attachment table 15.
4. For the grinding wheel rotation-breaking test in the subparagraph 1, it shall take over three models or samples processed in same conditions and having sizes based on Attachment table 15. The minimum rotation-breaking peripheral velocity in the tested models or samples shall be concerned as the rotation breaking peripheral velocity of the models or samples.
5. Except the straight grinding wheel for rough grinding, the highest using peripheral velocity of a grinding wheel for mechanical grinding with a normal using peripheral velocity (hereinafter referred to as the normal velocity) set in Attachment table 16 shall be below the value get from the rotation-breaking peripheral velocity in the preceding subparagraph 1 divided by 1.8, but the value is over the limit of the normal velocity listed in Attachment table 16, the limit is concerned.
6. Except grinding wheels in the subparagraph 5, the highest using peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel in the subparagraph 1 shall be below the value get from the rotation breaking peripheral velocity in the subparagraph 4 divided by 2, but it is over the limit velocity set in Attachment table 16 for that using in lower normal velocity, the limit velocity is concerned.
7. According to the type of the grinding wheel and kind of bonder, the highest using peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel shall be below the value get from the highest using peripheral velocity of the straight grinding wheel set in the preceding subparagraph 2 multiplied by the value set in Attachment table 17, but it can be prescribed by the central authority for a segment type.
1. A highest using peripheral speed for a straight grinding wheel, a dish grinding wheel, an elastic grinding wheel or a cutting- off grinding wheel shall be prescribed with models made by each of its bonder through a grinding wheel rotation-breaking test.
2. The grain of models shall be an aluminum oxide (alumina) series.
3. Sizes of the straight grinding wheel or the dish grinding wheel shall base on Attachment table 15.
4. For the grinding wheel rotation-breaking test in the subparagraph 1, it shall take over three models or samples processed in same conditions and having sizes based on Attachment table 15. The minimum rotation-breaking peripheral velocity in the tested models or samples shall be concerned as the rotation breaking peripheral velocity of the models or samples.
5. Except the straight grinding wheel for rough grinding, the highest using peripheral velocity of a grinding wheel for mechanical grinding with a normal using peripheral velocity (hereinafter referred to as the normal velocity) set in Attachment table 16 shall be below the value get from the rotation-breaking peripheral velocity in the preceding subparagraph 1 divided by 1.8, but the value is over the limit of the normal velocity listed in Attachment table 16, the limit is concerned.
6. Except grinding wheels in the subparagraph 5, the highest using peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel in the subparagraph 1 shall be below the value get from the rotation breaking peripheral velocity in the subparagraph 4 divided by 2, but it is over the limit velocity set in Attachment table 16 for that using in lower normal velocity, the limit velocity is concerned.
7. According to the type of the grinding wheel and kind of bonder, the highest using peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel shall be below the value get from the highest using peripheral velocity of the straight grinding wheel set in the preceding subparagraph 2 multiplied by the value set in Attachment table 17, but it can be prescribed by the central authority for a segment type.
- Attachment table 15.pdf
- Attachment table 15.doc
- Attachment table 16.pdf
- Attachment table 16.doc
- Attachment table 17.pdf
- Attachment table 17.doc
Article 86
Each lot of the grinding wheel with the diameter over 100 millimeters shall be taken a rotation test by the velocity which is the highest using peripheral velocity of that wheel multiplied by1.5.
The grinding wheel for testing in the preceding paragraph shall be taken over 10 percent of that products. For a number below five, the five is concerned.
If all tested grinding wheels are normal, the lot is qualified.
If abnormal rate below 5 percent, the others of the lot are qualified except the abnormal grinding wheels. However, significantly abnormal products cannot be included in the number of that test.
Grinding wheels shall implement a regular rotation-breaking test following the next paragraph. The qualified wheels can example the rotation test in the first paragraph. Failed grinding wheels in the regular rotation-breaking test shall be treated according to the second paragraph.
The regular rotation-breaking test is implemented by taking more than three grinding wheels having the same kind of bonder and being used in the normal velocity. If the minimum rotation breaking peripheral velocity get from the test is over the highest using velocity multiplied by 1.8 in case of machine grinding except coarse grinding, or over that multiplied by 2 in case of other grinding, those products having this kind of bonder and being used in normal velocity are qualified.
The grinding wheel for testing in the preceding paragraph shall be taken over 10 percent of that products. For a number below five, the five is concerned.
If all tested grinding wheels are normal, the lot is qualified.
If abnormal rate below 5 percent, the others of the lot are qualified except the abnormal grinding wheels. However, significantly abnormal products cannot be included in the number of that test.
Grinding wheels shall implement a regular rotation-breaking test following the next paragraph. The qualified wheels can example the rotation test in the first paragraph. Failed grinding wheels in the regular rotation-breaking test shall be treated according to the second paragraph.
The regular rotation-breaking test is implemented by taking more than three grinding wheels having the same kind of bonder and being used in the normal velocity. If the minimum rotation breaking peripheral velocity get from the test is over the highest using velocity multiplied by 1.8 in case of machine grinding except coarse grinding, or over that multiplied by 2 in case of other grinding, those products having this kind of bonder and being used in normal velocity are qualified.
Article 87
Except the elastic grinding wheel, an impact test for the dish grinding wheel shall be implemented for each kind of specifications.
The impact test in the preceding paragraph shall be taken two or more grinding wheels by impacting at two opposite points for each wheel with a 98J value as in Attachment figure 2 and Attachment table 18. For grinding wheels with a diameter not exceeding 70 millimeters, the test may be performed on grinding wheels with 70-millimeter diameter of the same type.
If the minimum value get from the impact test is beyond 0.0297J per square millimeter according to the thickness and diameter of the tested grinding wheel, products of the same specification as that under test shall be deemed compliance.
The impact test value shall be calculated in accordance with the formulas stated in Attachment table 19.
The impact test in the preceding paragraph shall be taken two or more grinding wheels by impacting at two opposite points for each wheel with a 98J value as in Attachment figure 2 and Attachment table 18. For grinding wheels with a diameter not exceeding 70 millimeters, the test may be performed on grinding wheels with 70-millimeter diameter of the same type.
If the minimum value get from the impact test is beyond 0.0297J per square millimeter according to the thickness and diameter of the tested grinding wheel, products of the same specification as that under test shall be deemed compliance.
The impact test value shall be calculated in accordance with the formulas stated in Attachment table 19.
- Attachment table 18.pdf
- Attachment table 18.doc
- Attachment table 19.pdf
- Attachment table 19.doc
- Attachment figure 2.pdf
- Attachment figure 2.doc
Article 88
The sizes of the grinding wheel based on its highest using peripheral velocity and type shall have values in accordance with listed in Attachment table 20.
- Attachment table 20.pdf
- Attachment table 20.doc
Article 89
The grinding wheel shall use the flanges in accordance with the specifications set in the Article 90 through 94 but those restrictions do not apply to those using the mounting tools set in attachment table 21.
The fixed- and movable-side flange shall be fixed on the grinding wheel shaft with the fixtures that should avoid rotation relative to the grinding wheel shaft. Their fastening bolts on the shaft of the grinding wheel shall be of an appropriate tightness.
When the grinding wheel is mounted on the grinding machine with a safety flange usually used by a straight grinding wheel, it shall use rubber-labels.
The fixed- and movable-side flange shall be fixed on the grinding wheel shaft with the fixtures that should avoid rotation relative to the grinding wheel shaft. Their fastening bolts on the shaft of the grinding wheel shall be of an appropriate tightness.
When the grinding wheel is mounted on the grinding machine with a safety flange usually used by a straight grinding wheel, it shall use rubber-labels.
- Attachment table 21.pdf
- Attachment table 21.doc
Article 90
The material of the flange shall have the equivalent tensile strength to FC150 cast irons set in the national standard CNS 2472 "gray iron castings" and withstand distortion.
The diameter and the contact width of the grinding wheel in the fixed- side and the moving- side shall be equal except the flange set in Article 94, Attachment figure 3.
The diameter and the contact width of the grinding wheel in the fixed- side and the moving- side shall be equal except the flange set in Article 94, Attachment figure 3.
- Attachment figure 3.pdf
- Attachment figure 3.doc
Article 91
The diameter of the straight flange shall be more than one third of the diameter of the grinding wheel to be mounted, a clearance be more than 1.5 millimeters and the contact width based on the diameter of the wheel be the value as shown in Attachment table 22.
If the flange sets on the cutting-off grinding wheel which has the highest using peripheral velocity below 80 meters per second and which is reinforced by means of glass-cloth material with tensile strength over 71 kilograms or other equivalents, then the diameter of the straight flange for that wheel can be over one fourth of the diameter of that wheel regardless of the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
If the flange sets on the cutting-off grinding wheel which has the highest using peripheral velocity below 80 meters per second and which is reinforced by means of glass-cloth material with tensile strength over 71 kilograms or other equivalents, then the diameter of the straight flange for that wheel can be over one fourth of the diameter of that wheel regardless of the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
- Attachment table 22.pdf
- Attachment table 22.doc
Article 92
The diameter of a sleeve or an adaptive flange shall be calculated according to the following formula:
Df ≧ K (D-H) + H
Where: Df, D, H, and K are as follows:
Df: diameter of the fixed- flange (millimeters)
D: diameter of the grinding wheel (millimeters)
H: inner diameter of the grinding wheel (millimeters)
K: constant according to the rules in attachment table 23.
The contact width in the preceding paragraph shall be in accordance with the diameter of the grinding wheel and not less than that given in attached table 24.
The adapting flange shall not be set on the grinding wheel with a usable velocity higher than a normal velocity.
Df ≧ K (D-H) + H
Where: Df, D, H, and K are as follows:
Df: diameter of the fixed- flange (millimeters)
D: diameter of the grinding wheel (millimeters)
H: inner diameter of the grinding wheel (millimeters)
K: constant according to the rules in attachment table 23.
The contact width in the preceding paragraph shall be in accordance with the diameter of the grinding wheel and not less than that given in attached table 24.
The adapting flange shall not be set on the grinding wheel with a usable velocity higher than a normal velocity.
- Attachment table 23.pdf
- Attachment table 23.doc
- Attachment table 24.pdf
- Attachment table 24.doc
Article 93
The diameter of the safety flange using on the straight grinding wheel shall be over two thirds of the grinding wheel being mounted and on the tapered two-sides grinding wheel shall be over a half of that.
The clearance of the flange in the preceding paragraph shall be over 1.5 millimeters and the contact width be over one sixth of the diameter of that flange.
The contact face between the tapered two sides flange and the grinding wheel shall have taper over one sixteenth.
The clearance of the flange in the preceding paragraph shall be over 1.5 millimeters and the contact width be over one sixth of the diameter of that flange.
The contact face between the tapered two sides flange and the grinding wheel shall have taper over one sixteenth.
Article 94
The sizes of the flange with a form as shown in Attachment figure 3 or figure 4 and used for the dish grinding wheel shall be the values in Attachment table 25 or table 25(1).
- Attachment table 25.pdf
- Attachment table 25.doc
- Attachment table 25-1.pdf
- Attachment table 25-1.doc
- Attachment figure 3.pdf
- Attachment figure 3.doc
- Attachment figure 4.pdf
- Attachment figure 4.doc
Article 95
The grinding wheel shall be fitted with a guard with the functions in Article 96 through Article 104. However, when the safety protection devices are set up in accordance with the national standard CNS 16089 Appendix A, they are not required to comply with the requirements of the preceding paragraph of this Article.
Article 96
The material of the grinding wheel guard shall use rolled steel with the following mechanical properties:
1. Tensile strength being over 28 kilograms per millimeter square and elongation over 40 percents.
2. The sum of the tensile strength (unit: kg / mm2) and the value of the twice elongation (unit: percent) being over seventy six.
The material for a portable grinder guard or a non-band guard shall be that based on the highest using peripheral velocity in Attachment table 26 regardless of restrictions in the preceding paragraph.
The material of the guard for the cutting-off grinding wheel with the highest using peripheral velocity below 80 meters per second can use aluminum with tensile strength below 18 kilograms per millimeter square and elongation over 2 percent regardless of restrictions in the two preceding paragraphs.
1. Tensile strength being over 28 kilograms per millimeter square and elongation over 40 percents.
2. The sum of the tensile strength (unit: kg / mm2) and the value of the twice elongation (unit: percent) being over seventy six.
The material for a portable grinder guard or a non-band guard shall be that based on the highest using peripheral velocity in Attachment table 26 regardless of restrictions in the preceding paragraph.
The material of the guard for the cutting-off grinding wheel with the highest using peripheral velocity below 80 meters per second can use aluminum with tensile strength below 18 kilograms per millimeter square and elongation over 2 percent regardless of restrictions in the two preceding paragraphs.
- Attachment table 26.pdf
- Attachment table 26.doc
Article 97
Except a grinding necessary portion, the guard shall base on the following provisions to cover:
1. For the side-grinding wheel: covering the peripheral surface and the outside of fixed-side.
2. For a portable grinding wheel guard except that in the preceding subparagraph: If the peripheral plate and the fixed side plate are made of a piece of rolled steel with seamless, then the peripheral surface of that wheel, the outside of the fixed-side and the outside of the removing-side as shown in figure. 5 shall be covered. If the end of the peripheral plate is bent toward the removing-side by 5 millimeters as shown in Attachment figure 5 and its thickness is over that shown in Article 23(1) by 20 percentage, then the guard for the outside of the removing-side can be exempted.
3. Besides the guards in the two preceding subparagraph: The peripheral surface, the two sides including the side of the shaft end in the removing-side.
The grinding necessary portion in the preceding proviso shall base on the grinder type and provisions in the Attachment figure 6.
1. For the side-grinding wheel: covering the peripheral surface and the outside of fixed-side.
2. For a portable grinding wheel guard except that in the preceding subparagraph: If the peripheral plate and the fixed side plate are made of a piece of rolled steel with seamless, then the peripheral surface of that wheel, the outside of the fixed-side and the outside of the removing-side as shown in figure. 5 shall be covered. If the end of the peripheral plate is bent toward the removing-side by 5 millimeters as shown in Attachment figure 5 and its thickness is over that shown in Article 23(1) by 20 percentage, then the guard for the outside of the removing-side can be exempted.
3. Besides the guards in the two preceding subparagraph: The peripheral surface, the two sides including the side of the shaft end in the removing-side.
The grinding necessary portion in the preceding proviso shall base on the grinder type and provisions in the Attachment figure 6.
- Attachment figure 5.pdf
- Attachment figure 5.doc
- Attachment figure 6.pdf
- Attachment figure 6.doc
Article 98
Except the band-type guard, the thickness of the guard that is made of rolled steel shall base on the highest using peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel, the thickness and the diameter of that wheel to be the value no less than in Attachment table 27.
Based on the type of material, the thickness of the guard that is made of cast iron, malleable iron or cast steel shall be over the thickness get from the preceding paragraph multiplied by the coefficient in Attachment table 28.
Based on the type of material, the thickness of the guard that is made of cast iron, malleable iron or cast steel shall be over the thickness get from the preceding paragraph multiplied by the coefficient in Attachment table 28.
- Attachment table 27.pdf
- Attachment table 27.doc
- Attachment table 28.pdf
- Attachment table 28.doc
Article 99
Except the dish grinding wheel or the cutting-off grinding wheel, the thickness of the guard that peripheral plate and fixed-side plate are made of a piece of seamless rolled steel shall base on the highest using peripheral velocity, the thickness of grinding wheel, the diameter of that wheel and the guard-plate type to be the value listed in Attachment table 29 regardless the restriction of the first paragraph in the preceding Article 98 .
The end of the removing- side plate in the preceding paragraph shall be bent as shown in the Attachment figure 7 if the construction of the peripheral plate in the fixed- side and the side plate in the removing- side is by means of a connection way.
The end of the removing- side plate in the preceding paragraph shall be bent as shown in the Attachment figure 7 if the construction of the peripheral plate in the fixed- side and the side plate in the removing- side is by means of a connection way.
- Attachment table 29.pdf
- Attachment table 29.doc
- Attachment figure 7.pdf
- Attachment figure 7.doc
Article 100
A guard using for the dish grinding wheel with a diameter below 230 millimeters, its thickness shall base on the thickness of that wheel no less than the value in Attachment table 30 regardless of the restriction of the first paragraph in the preceding Article 98 if its peripheral plate and fixed-side plate is made of a piece of seamless rolled steel.
The top end of the guard shall be bent as shown in Attachment figure 8.
The top end of the guard shall be bent as shown in Attachment figure 8.
- Attachment table 30.pdf
- Attachment table 30.doc
- Attachment figure 8.pdf
- Attachment figure 8.doc
Article 101
The thickness of the guard for the cutting-off grinding wheel with the highest using peripheral velocity below 80 meters per second and the guard being made of rolled steel shall base on the thickness and the diameter of that wheel and the guard-plate type to have the value listed in Attachment table 31 regardless of the restriction of the first paragraph in the preceding Article 98.
The thickness of the guard made of cast iron, malleable iron or cast steel for that wheel in the preceding paragraph, can correspond with Article 98 paragraph 2.
The thickness of the guard made of aluminum for the cutting-off grinding wheel in the first paragraph shall be no less than that the tensile strength of aluminum multiplied by the coefficient in Attachment table 32.
The thickness of the guard made of cast iron, malleable iron or cast steel for that wheel in the preceding paragraph, can correspond with Article 98 paragraph 2.
The thickness of the guard made of aluminum for the cutting-off grinding wheel in the first paragraph shall be no less than that the tensile strength of aluminum multiplied by the coefficient in Attachment table 32.
- Attachment table 31.pdf
- Attachment table 31.doc
- Attachment table 32.PDF
- Attachment table 32.doc
Article 102
The thickness for the band- type guard shall base on the diameter of the grinding wheel to be a value no less than that in Attachment table 33.
The setting of that guard shall base on Attachment figure 9.
The setting of that guard shall base on Attachment figure 9.
- Attachment table 33.pdf
- Attachment table 33.doc
- Attachment figure 9.pdf
- Attachment figure 9.doc
Article 103
The guard shall have no holes, slots or others that will reduce its strength.
Article 104
The guard for a bench grinder or a bed grinder shall have a tongue plate or other means to adjust the gap between the peripheral of grinding necessary portion and the guard to be below 10 millimeters.
The tongue plate in the preceding paragraph shall meet the following provisions:
1. It is of a plate shape.
2. The material is rolled steel set in Article 96(1).
3. The thickness is equivalent or over that of the peripheral plate of the guard , moreover it shall be over 3 millimeters and below 16 millimeters.
4. The effective cross-section area in the entire cross-section area shall be over 70 percent and the effective vertical section area in the entire vertical-section be over 20 percent.
5. The diameter and number for mounting bolts shall base on the thickness of grinding wheel in Attachment table 34.
The tongue plate in the preceding paragraph shall meet the following provisions:
1. It is of a plate shape.
2. The material is rolled steel set in Article 96(1).
3. The thickness is equivalent or over that of the peripheral plate of the guard , moreover it shall be over 3 millimeters and below 16 millimeters.
4. The effective cross-section area in the entire cross-section area shall be over 70 percent and the effective vertical section area in the entire vertical-section be over 20 percent.
5. The diameter and number for mounting bolts shall base on the thickness of grinding wheel in Attachment table 34.
- Attachment table 34.pdf
- Attachment table 34.doc
Article 105
The grinder shall have a power blocking device that the operator can control it without leaving operating position.
The power blocking device in the preceding paragraph shall have a construction that it is easily controlled and can prevent the unexpected starting of the grinder from touching, vibrating or others.
The power blocking device in the preceding paragraph shall have a construction that it is easily controlled and can prevent the unexpected starting of the grinder from touching, vibrating or others.
Article 106
The portable grinder with power-driving, the bench grinder or the bed grinder shall meet the following provisions:
1. Screws in the electrical circuit can prevent loosing and dropping out.
2. Insulating effectiveness between the charging part and non-charging metal part has insulating performance set in national standard CNS 3265 "the electric portable grinder."
3. It has a dedicated ground terminal which shall be in compliance with that specified in CNS 3265 “the electric portable grinder.”
1. Screws in the electrical circuit can prevent loosing and dropping out.
2. Insulating effectiveness between the charging part and non-charging metal part has insulating performance set in national standard CNS 3265 "the electric portable grinder."
3. It has a dedicated ground terminal which shall be in compliance with that specified in CNS 3265 “the electric portable grinder.”
Article 107
The bench grinder or the bed grinder shall have a worksupport that can be adjusted the gap between the peripheral of grinding wheel and the worksupport to be below 3 millimeters.
Article 108
A portable air-type grinder shall have a governor except the nominal size is below 65 millimeters.
Article 109
The grinding wheel with the diameter below 50 millimeters and its guard do not be applied to the provisions of this chapter.
Chapter 7 Explosion-proof and electroshock-proof equipment
Article 110
Performances, constructions, testings, markings, danger zone dividings and the like of explosion-proof electrical equipment for a gas category shall comply with the provisions in national standard CNS 3376 series, international standard IEC 60079 series or its equivalent.
Where there are discrepencies between CNS 3376 series and IEC 60079 series, IEC 60079 series shall govern.
Where there are discrepencies between CNS 3376 series and IEC 60079 series, IEC 60079 series shall govern.
Article 111
Performances, constructions, testings, markings, danger zone dividings and the like of explosion-proof electrical equipment for a powder-dust category shall comply with the provisions in national standards CNS 3376 and CNS 15591 series, international standards IEC 60079 and IEC 61241 series or their equivalent.
Where there are discrepencies between CNS 3376 and CNS 15591 series and IEC 60079 and IEC 61241 series, IEC 60079 and IEC 61241 series shall govern.
Where there are discrepencies between CNS 3376 and CNS 15591 series and IEC 60079 and IEC 61241 series, IEC 60079 and IEC 61241 series shall govern.
Article 111-1
The structures and performances of the voltage reducing devices for AC arc welding equipment shall comply with the requirements of CNS 4782.
Chapter 8 Markings
Article 112
The safety device for the power press machine shall be marked the following items:
1. manufacture number.
2. manufacturer.
3. manufacture date.
4. applicable the press machine type, capability, stroke (except the two-hand control safety device), the number of strokes per minute (except the two-hand control safety device and the photoelectric safety device) and die sizes.
5. The two-hand control safety device or the photoelectric safety device shall be marked in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) for the safe-one-stroke-two-hand control safety device: the time (Tl, in milliseconds) that hands releasing from the operating portion of that device to the starting action of the protective stop mechanism.
(2) for the two-hand start safety device: the maximum time (Tm) that hands releasing from the operating portion to the slider of the applicable press machine reaching the lower dead center, in millimeters
(3) for the photoelectric safety device: the time that fingers intervening the sensing zone of that device to the starting of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
(4) the stop time (Ts, in milliseconds) of the applicable press machine: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds. But that marked the maximum stop time (Tl+Ts) being exempt from separately marking Tl and Ts.
(5) for the safe-one-stroke- two-hand control safety device or the photoelectric safety device: according to the set stopping time in the preceding subparagraph. For the two-hand start safety device: in accordance with the maximum time separately corresponding to the safe distance set in the preceding subparagraph (2). For two- hand control safety device: the distance between the operating portion and the hazard zone, in millimeters, for photoelectric safety device: the distance between the optical axis and the hazard zone, in millimeters.
6. The photoelectric safety device, in addition to the marking in the preceding subparagraph, shall mark the followings:
(1) the effective distance: referring to the distance that the emitter and receiver can effectively function, in millimeters.
(2) the protective height for the applicable press machine, in millimeters.
7. The laser-sensitive safety device for the press brake, in addition to the marks in the preceding subparagraph 1 through 3, shall separately mark the followings:
(1) the time that from the protective stop mechanism enacted to the slider stopping when the laser shaded, in milliseconds.
(2) the distance between the optic axis of the press brake and the hazard zone , in millimeters and that being corresponding to the time in the subparagraph 7(2).
(3) the effective distance that the laser optical axis can effectively function, in millimeters.
8. The push-out safety device, in addition to the marks in subparagraph 1 through 4, shall separately mark the maximum amplitude of the push-out arm, in millimeters.
1. manufacture number.
2. manufacturer.
3. manufacture date.
4. applicable the press machine type, capability, stroke (except the two-hand control safety device), the number of strokes per minute (except the two-hand control safety device and the photoelectric safety device) and die sizes.
5. The two-hand control safety device or the photoelectric safety device shall be marked in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) for the safe-one-stroke-two-hand control safety device: the time (Tl, in milliseconds) that hands releasing from the operating portion of that device to the starting action of the protective stop mechanism.
(2) for the two-hand start safety device: the maximum time (Tm) that hands releasing from the operating portion to the slider of the applicable press machine reaching the lower dead center, in millimeters
(3) for the photoelectric safety device: the time that fingers intervening the sensing zone of that device to the starting of the protective stop mechanism, in millimeters.
(4) the stop time (Ts, in milliseconds) of the applicable press machine: the time that the protective stop mechanism starting action to the slider stopping, in milliseconds. But that marked the maximum stop time (Tl+Ts) being exempt from separately marking Tl and Ts.
(5) for the safe-one-stroke- two-hand control safety device or the photoelectric safety device: according to the set stopping time in the preceding subparagraph. For the two-hand start safety device: in accordance with the maximum time separately corresponding to the safe distance set in the preceding subparagraph (2). For two- hand control safety device: the distance between the operating portion and the hazard zone, in millimeters, for photoelectric safety device: the distance between the optical axis and the hazard zone, in millimeters.
6. The photoelectric safety device, in addition to the marking in the preceding subparagraph, shall mark the followings:
(1) the effective distance: referring to the distance that the emitter and receiver can effectively function, in millimeters.
(2) the protective height for the applicable press machine, in millimeters.
7. The laser-sensitive safety device for the press brake, in addition to the marks in the preceding subparagraph 1 through 3, shall separately mark the followings:
(1) the time that from the protective stop mechanism enacted to the slider stopping when the laser shaded, in milliseconds.
(2) the distance between the optic axis of the press brake and the hazard zone , in millimeters and that being corresponding to the time in the subparagraph 7(2).
(3) the effective distance that the laser optical axis can effectively function, in millimeters.
8. The push-out safety device, in addition to the marks in subparagraph 1 through 4, shall separately mark the maximum amplitude of the push-out arm, in millimeters.
Article 113
The safety device for the shear machine shall be marked the followings:
1. Manufacture number.
2. Manufacturer.
3. Manufacture date.
4. Applicable shear machine type.
5. Shear thickness of the applicable shear machine, in millimeters.
6. Cutter length of the applicable shear machine, in millimeters.
7. Photoelectric safety device: Effective distance that means the emitter and receiver can effectively function, in millimeters.
1. Manufacture number.
2. Manufacturer.
3. Manufacture date.
4. Applicable shear machine type.
5. Shear thickness of the applicable shear machine, in millimeters.
6. Cutter length of the applicable shear machine, in millimeters.
7. Photoelectric safety device: Effective distance that means the emitter and receiver can effectively function, in millimeters.
Article 114
The press machine shall be clearly and visibly marked with the following information:
1. Manufacture number.
2. Manufacturer.
3. Manufacture date.
4. Machine specifications:
(1) press specifications shall be based on attachment table 35.
(2) applicable shear thickness and cutter length of the shear machine, in millimeters.
1. Manufacture number.
2. Manufacturer.
3. Manufacture date.
4. Machine specifications:
(1) press specifications shall be based on attachment table 35.
(2) applicable shear thickness and cutter length of the shear machine, in millimeters.
- Attachment table 35.pdf
- Attachment table 35.doc
Article 115
The hand-fed planer shall be clearly and visibly marked the followings :
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated power or rated current.
4. Rated voltage.
5. No-load speed.
6. Effective planing width.
7. Cutter contact- preventive devices for the applicable effective planning width.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated power or rated current.
4. Rated voltage.
5. No-load speed.
6. Effective planing width.
7. Cutter contact- preventive devices for the applicable effective planning width.
Article 116
The circular saw shall be clearly and visibly marked with the following items :
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated power or rated current.
4. Rated voltage.
5. No-load speed: for the circular saw with a speed change mechanism the no-load speed in the speed changing state.
6. Applicable diameter and type of the circular saw blade, and rotation direction of circular saw shaft; for the circular saw with a speed change mechanism the diameter, type and rotation direction in the speed changing state.
7. Applicable diameter of the circular saw blade, thickness range and the standard table position for the riving knife.
8. Applicable diameter range and the purpose for the teeth contact-preventive device.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated power or rated current.
4. Rated voltage.
5. No-load speed: for the circular saw with a speed change mechanism the no-load speed in the speed changing state.
6. Applicable diameter and type of the circular saw blade, and rotation direction of circular saw shaft; for the circular saw with a speed change mechanism the diameter, type and rotation direction in the speed changing state.
7. Applicable diameter of the circular saw blade, thickness range and the standard table position for the riving knife.
8. Applicable diameter range and the purpose for the teeth contact-preventive device.
Article 117
The lift-truck shall be clearly and visibly marked the followings :
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Manufacture number.
4. Maximum load.
5. Allowable load: refers to the construct of the lift-truck, material and the loading gravity center position of the fork to determine the maximum load it can withstand.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Manufacture number.
4. Maximum load.
5. Allowable load: refers to the construct of the lift-truck, material and the loading gravity center position of the fork to determine the maximum load it can withstand.
Article 118
The grinder shall be clearly and visibly marked the followings :
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated voltage.
4. No-load speed.
5. Applicable diameter, thickness and inner diameter of the grinding wheel.
6. Direction of rotation.
7. Guard marking the applicable using highest peripheral velocity, thickness and diameter of the grinding wheel.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Manufacture date.
3. Rated voltage.
4. No-load speed.
5. Applicable diameter, thickness and inner diameter of the grinding wheel.
6. Direction of rotation.
7. Guard marking the applicable using highest peripheral velocity, thickness and diameter of the grinding wheel.
Article 119
The grinding wheel shall be clearly and visibly marked with the following information:
1. Manufacturer.
2. Bonder type.
3. Highest usable peripheral velocity, and should add revolution speed.
4. Manufacturing Number or Manufacturing Lot Number.
For the diameter of grinding wheel under 75 millimeters, the preceding markings can be indicated on the smallest package unit.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Bonder type.
3. Highest usable peripheral velocity, and should add revolution speed.
4. Manufacturing Number or Manufacturing Lot Number.
For the diameter of grinding wheel under 75 millimeters, the preceding markings can be indicated on the smallest package unit.
Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions
Article 120
When the specially constructed machinery or equipment that is difficulty in the application of this standard, the manufacture or importer shall submit product safety evaluation report and other related technology structural drawing submit to the central authorities for their approve. The specially constructed machinery or equipment can be exampled to apply a part of this standard if they recognize that has the equivalent or over the safety performances. Their safety performance shall base on the risk control and the safety design theory and be in accordance with the international standards, regional standards, national standards, group standards, technical specifications or others having the equivalents or over.
The central authorities may delegate academic institution or relevant professional bodies to handle that.
The central authorities may delegate academic institution or relevant professional bodies to handle that.
Article 120-1
For those the other relating to the structures, performances, or security matters of the machinery or equipment set by the Act are not been prescribed in the standard, the central authorities may announce that can be handled according to other technical regulations or specify the applicable international standards, regional standards, national standards, group standards or a part or all of the technical specifications to handle them.
Article 121
This standard was implemented on the date of promulgation, except Articles 110 and 111, which were implemented on July 1, 2011.
Amendments to this standard are implemented on the date of promulgation, except those promulgated on June 26, 2014 and December 22, 2014 and May 11, 2022, which were implemented on July 3, 2014 and January 1, 2015 and May 11, 2023 respectively.
Amendments to this standard are implemented on the date of promulgation, except those promulgated on June 26, 2014 and December 22, 2014 and May 11, 2022, which were implemented on July 3, 2014 and January 1, 2015 and May 11, 2023 respectively.